Project management in water conservation automation project applied analysis

Abstract: The project management is the Western advanced management idea, it pursues in the operation way and in the management thought pattern maximum limit uses inside and outside resources, may fundamentally change administrative personnel's working routine, enhances the management efficiency.How applies the project management in the water conservation automation engineering construction, promotes the engineering construction progress, the risk and the whole management level effectively, this article according to the project example analysis correlation reason and the countermeasure, looks can cause the water conservancy facility unit and construction's widespread attention. Key word: Project management; Water conservation automation; Time management; The risk management one, the foreword 1.1 project management concept project may define is one kind non-conventional, the non-duplication, the disposable duty.The related project management basic concept (project management knowledge system) is describes like this in PMBOK, the project management general experience project starts, the project plan, the project execution, the project control and the project concludes five big processes, may divide into nine domains from the longitudinal division: Whole management, scope management, time management, cost management, quality control, human resources management, communication management, risk management and purchase management, but the scope, the time and the cost are the project management three big restraints.In brief, the project management is utilizes the special knowledge, the skill, the tool and the method in the project activity, enables the project to realize or to surpass the project to do is the human needs with the expectation behavior process.Project manager must realize goals diligently not merely and so on project scope, time, success and quality, but also must coordinate the entire project process, satisfies the project participant and other benefit counterparts needs with the expectation.In the Western developed country, the project management application popularized extremely.Because its theory and the application method fundamentally changed administrative personnel's operation efficiency, therefore the project management from the initial national defense, astronautics domain has developed rapidly to the present electron, the correspondence, the computer, the software development, the architecture industry, the drug industry, the finance and so on each profession even governmental agency.The project management maximum limit has used inside and outside resources in the operation way and in the management thought pattern, may fundamentally change administrative personnel's working routine, reduces the management cost, enhances the management efficiency, thus more and more receives the modern enterprise the value. The project background we participates in some automation engineering construction project when the near future, has the feeling in the practical work construction side project management bad, the purchase procedure long, the personnel changes frequently, the time limit for a project delay, causes the engineering construction to be blocked seriously; Analyzes the question reason in here by the project management theory, conceives the improvement measure and the suggestion, hoped in later engineering construction can yinyi be the warning.This engineering construction project for the Zhujiang Delta area some hydro-junction automated system construction, mainly includes the central control center, the pumping station control is divided central, the sluice control system, the dam control system and image system several major parts.This hydro-junction belongs to the large-scale hydro-junction project, including the pumping station, the dam, the sluice three parts, in which pumping station is in a big way (one) the pumping station, the sluice is four levels of routes.Before the project starts has completed the system demand analysis and the system design, the project goal for hands over the key project, started from July, 2003 to carry on, estimated 6 months completed, as a result of the management and so on the various reason, the time limit for a project delayed repeatedly.Before the project start, the construction side invites us to involve the project construction by the technical guidance inspector general, on the one hand help solution water conservation system automation technology essential difficulty, on the one hand to system construction standard check.In order to supervise the construction side enhancement management, we instruct the inspector general to place key the project progress, the change management, the quality comment grade several aspects.But constructs only then the high-level management not to be able to follow, to cause the engineering construction to be unable according to the anticipated target to complete. Second, the project time management time management is in a project management essential function, also is called the progress management, it the control which progresses regarding the project is very important, is project one of three big restraints.In the scope management foundation, through the determination, adjustment reasonable work sorting and the action cycle, the time management may in satisfy the project time request in the situation, causes the resources disposition and the cost achieves the optimum condition.http://blog.mypm.net2.1 works decomposition structure (WBS) to act according to this hydro-junction automation project the actual situation, this project divides into following several main stages: The detailed design, the purchase, the software development, the construction, the debugging, tries to move, completion approval and the maintenance.We according to PMBOK first to carry on the WBS analysis to this project, its work decomposition structure as shown in Figure 1: http://blog.mypm.net scene control software

2.2 project network chart basis former project experience, we knew the automated project after the detailed design may the synchronized development software development, the purchase, carry on the construction, the test separately after each kind of equipment purchase arriving, carries on the debugging to the correlation software development and the equipment setup, finally is tries to move.Figure 2 is the project network chart which we further complete.We make a simple description by the sensor link.  In the water conservation profession a measuring appliance stable reliable is a key, took an automated transformation project, this project increased the partial sensors according to the automated monitoring demand, including the electric quantity, the fluid position, the strobe opening, the pressure (flowing tubing head pressure, hydraulic pressure) and so on, the sensor selects the joint capital brand product, the ultrasonic wave liquidometer for the German original installation import product.But other conventional pumping station unit and the dam sluice monitor sensor has completed in the mechanical and electrical project installment, transformation turning on then.In the above project network chart sensor link is a relatively independent work way, in which key point is the fluid position sensor, the fluid position test point is located outdoor also the disperser, the line is long, has the capacitance and the induction reactance in the line, possibly affects the sensor output signal to distort, therefore, the essential union sensor signal test adjustment wiring, meanwhile must consider the anti-radar lightning protection measure, the construction is complex. 2.3 project progress basis formerly was related the project experience, the labor controls the equipment the purchase consumed when is long, this project selected the brand product (Simens) ordered the cycle normally was approximately on 45th; The labor controls the equipment the setup time to be also long approximately on 25th; The scene software debugging is one key and the difficulty, take this project actual scale estimate approximately as on 15th; The central monitoring software debugging is approximately on 10th; Tries to move should be on 7th at least; Other like orderings and so on video equipment, network equipment, sensor installs the debugging the time to be all short.But the personnel disposes the aspect, the purchase, the work, the software design and the debugging movement is responsible separately by three departments, our supposition human resources definitely may meet the needs.May determine this project the essential way is “the detailed design -> labor controls the equipment purchase -> labor to control the equipment setup -> scene software debugging -> monitoring software debugging -> to try to move”, starts in this way from the purchase to need approximately for 3 half a month.  After the project starts constructs the side basis to request to draft the project the plan progress chart, and according to the general engineering experience overall evaluation such as fund arriving, the flood prevention has needed with factors and so on ordering cycle, to reserve approximately month-long total fluctuation time, the entire project time is approximately half year. Detailed design

2.4 进度控制

In the project progress control appears the first question is: As a result of the local government allocation flow change, the fund transfers an arriving time delay approximately for half a month.The second question is: In the essential way “the labor controls the equipment purchase” the estimate time is on 45th, purchases the operation to cause actually to lag impeded the near month; Adds on other equipment and the fitting purchase is not prompt, causes to install the progress to be blocked greatly; The engineers and technicians midway leaves job, the technology connects with difficultly, has affected the work and the scene debugging; The purchase operation flow has died, cannot solve the field problem promptly.Because the time limit for a project detention causes the construction spanning Spring Festival vacation, project progress further out of control, has lagged for more than three months from the project time schedule, the project progresses to the basic debugging completes, waited for the test declares for examination the stage. Is blocked in the project progress in the situation, we organize the conference to emphasize many times the project progress, to the first question, constructs Fang Tong to try to move the Italian project progress to postpone approximately for a month; But the construction side still could not take, to cause the question highly to duplicate repeatedly appears, entire project progress serious lag.Investigates its reason, on the one hand is the high-level management does not take, on the other hand project manager empty has its, cannot land on feet truly the project management, also may say project manager not the actually project management jurisdiction.This article transfers from the project superintendent alliance three, the project risk management we “the risk management” analyzes the defeat once more from the project management another aspect the reason.The project risk management is refers in order to achieves the project well the goal, the recognition, the assignment, should to the project life cycle in the risk science and art.First must distinguish the risk, then is the risk estimated, finally is the risk should to, fall to lowly the risk to the project adverse effect, the promotion project completes smoothly.We analyze several aspects according to this project special details: Force majeure risk, administrative risk, resources supply risk and so on. 3.1 force majeure risks must consider is of a flood season thunderbolt force majeure risks as the hydraulic engineering, like the typhoon, the flood, the correlation facility accident and so on, these events the influence may be possible to be small greatly to the project, therefore the construction period should avoid in the flood season carrying on the influence flood prevention task as far as possible the construction.This project arranges the actual construction period beside the flood season, such processing is equal in the risk should to the measure in “the risk circumvention”. Project superintendent alliance article, thorough discussion.3.2 administrative risk this project earmarks a fund for a specific purpose the items of basic construction for the municipal government water conservation fund, already applied for the arriving in the construction initial period fund.But the fund transfers meets the government allocation flow change, causes a fund arriving time delay approximately for half a month.This kind of event may belong to the administrative risk in the risk analysis, has originally in the project progress total fluctuation time considers this factor, but considered the construction side progress pressure quite is also big, finally constructed the side “to accept” this risk consequence, agreed in light of this the project progress postponed approximately for a month.But speaking of the construction side project group, is actually “the risk circumvention”. 3.3 resources supply risk resources supply risk displays most much in the project, also should not prompt not arrive to the measure.One, the construction side had underestimated the equipment supplier's ordering cycle risk, in which eliminates supplier's aspect reason, itself also has the construction side purchase operation flow question.Two is the multi-construction side technical personnel leaves the project team successively, the duty connection is not thoroughly incomplete.Three is because the construction different constructs, the scene acquisition of material procedure is long, the material handling is not prompt. How reduces the negative influence which the above three aspects bring, the construction side project group must analyze earnestly, takes each kind of remedial treatment positively.May may see from project network chart and in the essential way analysis, the labor controlled the equipment purchase already to surpass the progress plan, had in after that on the one hand “the labor controlled the equipment setup” might adopt “follows up fast” the method, if carried on the electricity cabinet installment first, the labor controls the equipment arrival of shipment then short time installment arriving; On the other hand completed ahead of time in the scene construction the non-essential way work, like “the line cable placing, the sensor installment and the video equipment” the installment, the labor contract on 20th, then was “the sensor signal test, the network equipment installment and the video equipment debugging”, the labor contract on 10th, “the software development” also might complete ahead of time.After the labor controls the equipment setup scene to carry on the power source and exterior signal turning on again, simultaneously adopts “rushing a job” the measure, enlarges the investment from the personnel disposition and the operating time two aspects, the project completes according to the predetermined target not does not have possibly.But mixes in the human resources on, the construction side must complete the technical connection question which appears because of the personnel movement, simultaneously mixes the technology skilled engineers and technicians, avoids having the personnel neutral gear the aspect, guarantees in practically the project the human resources supply.Regarding different constructs, the construction side should carry out the scene procurement authorization, avoids the material breaking supplies, to suspend work while waiting for materials, affects the project to carry on smoothly. http://blog.mypm.net four, the project management several suggested took the municipal government a water conservation automation model project, has the construction progress serious lag aspect, participates in responsibility which construction all quarters all have cannot be shirked.In the actual project construction has exposed the aspect question, such as: The time management, the resource distribution, the risk should to, the communication manage and purchase the management much and so on, the analysis reason are construction side project team all levels of various departments have not been able to take the project management earnestly, carries on by the standard effective procedure.Must establish a set of effective project management procedure, must pay attention to following several aspects.This article transfers from the project superintendent alliance 1, the project internal management: Including microscopic level detail, like resource management, work flow plan management, budget control and document management and so on.In the project team, the establishment sole responsibility department special manages regarding this, and with project exterior executive program close coordination. 2nd, project exterior management: The project scope, the overall timetable, the budget, the quality, the risk as well as faced with the question and so on the essential situation management, and report regularly to the project management committee, but also should report the main achievement target which in the project plan instrument of ratification stipulated to complete the situation. 3rd, the third party manages: Except that carries on beside direct supervising and managing to the project, but also has the necessity to establish an independent monitoring system.Regardless of the project management team how diligently, always with difficulty does achieve to its project and the correlation risk and the question completely objectively; Therefore, it is necessary to invite some fair senior professionals to carry on the independent appraisal to the project, its conclusion submits a report the high-level management level directly, and carries on the comparison with the project exterior management report. 4th, the entire journey surveillance implements: Even if has established the perfect examination and approval system and the executive program, the higher management still had the practical earnest inspector general important project, to guarantee the project implementation the success; Moreover in the project process each kind of factor changes unceasingly, high-level must the regular hearing project management personnel about the project progress objective and the precise report, the time AND goal progress and the change maintenance synchronization. In brief, the project is carries on in the complex nature and the social environment, multitudinous factor influence.Regarding these inside and outside the factor, the project management main body often knew insufficient or does not have the enough strength to control.The project process and the result are beyond expectation frequently, not only sometimes has not been able to achieve the project anticipated goal, instead suffers various loss.Must avoid and reduce loses, changes into the danger the opportunity, the project superintendent must understand on own initiative and grasping project each aspect, analyzes successful and the defeat reason, then implements the effective management, finally achieved completes the project successfully.